Generative AI
This resource originated as a primary-source appendix for presentations on Generative AI we began delivering in December 2022. We are still going. We offer introductory GenAI presentations for larger audiences still getting up to speed. We partner with law firms on CLEs that address the many GenAI-related legal and regulatory considerations that add to complexity* and impact strategy.* We lead high-level conversations among informed stakeholders re real-world use cases for GenAI.* Feel free to reach out.
As our presentation grew, so did our appendix. So we put it online. We’ve added supplemental material (not in the presentation) and maintained historical materials (fallen out of the presentation given how quickly the topic moves). The resource is comprehensive insofar as it contains a primary source for every slide in our master deck. But a truly comprehensive resource that encompasses the vast and rapidly evolving subject of Generative AI is beyond our capacity. We’re giving you a lot, for free. But we would never pretend this is everything.We continue to build this resource. If you see a glaring hole, feel free to reach out. We’re always looking to make the content more valuable.
Caught our Attention
Orientation
Intros & Tech
Performance
Enterprise Embraces LLMs
Big Tech Pivot
GenAI in Legal
SALI & Legal Language
Regulation
Lawsuits & Investigations
Data Security
Privacy
Privilege
Intellectual Property
Labor & Employment
Jobs
Startups & Capital
Consultants ♡ GenAI
GenAI in Finance
GenAI in Science & Medicine
GenAI in Education
The Model Makers
Open Source
Responsible & Explainable
Hallucinations
Applications, Stacks, Tools & Agents
Knowlege Management, Graphs, and Retrieval Augmented Generation
Seems Bad
Not All Bad
Things Will Get Weird
Educational Resources
Strategy and Scale in a Complex World
"Courage is knowing it might hurt and doing it anyway. Stupidity is the same. That’s why life is hard."
- Jeremy Goldberg*
Strategy constitutes a set of interrelated choices that uniquely position an organization to win by creating sustainable advantage and superior value relative to the competition.* The possibilityof winning, however, necessarily implies the possibility of losing.Winning requires knowing you might be wrong and proceeding anyway. Losing is the same. That’s why strategy is hard.
Courage is knowing it might hurt and doing it anyway. Stupidity is the same. That’s why life is hard.* - Jeremy Goldberg
Strategy is similar. Strategy is subject to a fundamental tension.*

Reliability is the production of a consistent, replicable outcomes. Validity is the production of outcomes that achieve strategic objectives. Reliability is essential. But there is constant temptation to confuse reliability with validity due to our impulse to maintain control—setting targets we are confident we can hit. While circumstances may sometimes dictate we focus on reliability (e.g., cost cutting) at the expense of validity (e.g., long-term investment), if that is all we ever do, we are not playing to win—we are only playing to lose more slowly.
Validity requires placing bets—trafficking in the probabilities, not certainties, that can deliver valid outcomes. While all bets entail risk, some bets are sounder than others. But all bets must contend with the frustrations intrinsic to our VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous) operating environment, which confounds our capacity to accurately calculate our odds. Win probabilities must not only incorporate our internal ability to execute but also external factors we may be able to influence but can never control. Independent decisions by customers, competitors, and regulators complicates strategic choices, and make them all the more important.
Indeed, strategy is choice. Strategy constitutes a set of interrelated choices that uniquely position an organization to win by creating sustainable advantage and superior value relative to the competition.*

The possibility of winning, however, necessarily implies the possibility of losing. And we are inherently loss averse. Loss aversion activates skepticism. Skepticism makes easy work of uncertainty. Wherever there is uncertainty, there is judgment. Judgment is, by definition, open to legitimate challenge. Since nothing truly innovative by can proven in advance analytically, the risks of being wrong are real, and recognizable. Loss aversion therefore biases us towards the status quo.
Being the default, the status quo is often exempted from the extreme scrutiny to which change is subjected. Yet maintaining the status quo is as much a strategic choice as any other. It just does not feel that way because succumbing to inertia is less energy intensive. But risk-free, trade-off-free options do not exist, and will not be surfaced by process of elimination. Meanwhile, short-term is easy often becomes long-term hard because strategic choices are circumscribed by positioning—every day, every development, and every decision further constrains the spectrum of strategic choice.
We believe the era of stability—where maintaining the status quo to maximum possible degree was the safest bet—is over. Change is risky. But not changing is riskier. Generative AI is an accelerant of structural trends that were already laying bare the limits of the existing operating models.
Within this context, it merits revisiting the definition of a project*:
Projects involve a series of planned activities designed to generate a deliverable (a product, a service, an event). These activities—which can be anything from a grand strategic initiative to a small program of change—are limited in time. They have a clear start and end; they require an investment, in the form of capital and human resources; and they are designed to create predetermined forms of value, impact, and benefits. Every project has elements that are unique. That’s key: Each contains something that has not been done before.
Projects are exercises in pursuing strategic validity. But they come at the cost of reliability. We should have empathy for those whose practical assessment of how politics and resource availability constrain their strategic choices. They are in no position to attempt that which has not been done before. For a prime example, read the memo.
The era of stability is ending. Unprecedent opportunities for those prepared to seize them. So, too, do hard choices and hard work—whether we are prepared or not.
Winning requires knowing you might be wrong and proceeding anyway. Losing is the same. That’s why strategy is hard.

Innovation & Scale
Legal Complexity
Organizational Complexity
Storytelling
Strategy
Delivering Legal Services
While statistics vary, the global market for legal services is currently estimated at ~$850 billion, reaching $1 trillion in ~2026, with a CAGR of anywhere from 3.4% to 9% depending on your source. The market for enabling technology across three related categories—legal tech, compliance (RegTech), and contracts (KTech)—is even harder to size but likely in the range of $16 billion and on a trajectory to triple in size over the next five years.*
Consistent with increased demand driven by increasing legal complexity*, legal services should grow. Consistent with the increased need for innovation and scale*, legal technology should grow far faster in percentage terms but still remain much smaller in raw dollars. What fascinates LexFusion is how the intersection of increased demand for legal services and the increased demand for legal innovation will alter the landscape for buying, selling, and delivering legal services.
In our opinion, the best overview for understanding the history and trajectory of the corporate legal market is the Integrated Law whitepaper from Factor.
CAVEAT: the PeopleLaw sector and attendant considerations around access to justice are of critical importance. These topics absolutely merit attention and are in no way beyond the scope of our personal interests. But these genuine crises (just like climate change, functional democracy, etc.) are beyond the purview of our professional expertise. We urge you to follow the likes of Sarah Glassmeyer, Ekua Hackman, John Grant, Chase Hertel, Natalie Anne Knowlton, Quentin Steenhuis, Sam Harden, Kristen Sonday, and the legion of true subject-matter experts endeavoring to improve access.
The Checklist Manifesto
Letters from a Stoic (Penguin Classics): Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Robin Campbell
On Grand Strategy: Gaddis, John Lewis
Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions: Ariely, Dr. Dan: 9780061353246: Amazon.com: Books
The Peloponnesian War: Kagan, Donald
The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature: Ridley, Matt
The Road Not Taken


Education in the Age of Gen AI: Experiential Training Is Essential for Success


Education in the Age of Gen AI: The Old Way of Training Law Firm Associates ‘Just Doesn’t Work’


Education in the Age of Gen AI: Negotiating Skills Are Alive and Well


AI Data Privacy Concern: Microsoft employees might review your Azure AI prompts and responses.


The legal sector weighs in on the OpenAI Microsoft furore, as the tech giant emerges stronger than ever


Former Citi innovation and technology head joins LexFusion in “evolutionary moment”


LexFusion Hires Citi’s Christina Wojcik in New Managing Director Role


LexFusion Appoints Christina Wojcik Corporate Legal Tech Leader

LexFusion Compendium


Guest post: What’s hot in KM? A report on SKILLS 2023


ChatGPT’s Glitch Exposed User Data, But Didn’t Catch Legal By Surprise


Fastcase, vLex merger accelerates investment into legal AI


And Now, Our Feature Presentation: GPT-4 is Here


PSA: ChatGPT is the trailer, not the movie


The Focus on ChatGPT Is Missing the Forest for the Tree: New AI Models Are Really, Ridiculously Powerful Part - 2


The Focus on ChatGPT Is Missing the Forest for the Tree: New AI Models Are Really, Ridiculously Powerful Part - 1


LexFusion’s Second Annual Legal Market Year in Review


Preview of the LexFusion Second Annual Legal Market in Review

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Scary Stories about our Wicked Problems (Legal Nerd Halloween)


Will A Recession Reduce Legal Tech Spending?


Pioneers and Pathfinders – Casey Flaherty


Priori raises $15 million after growing revenue 250% last year as more companies look to legal tech

What a Legal Ops Curriculum Should Contain

It's Really Management': Why Law Schools Aren't Racing to Fill the Legal-Ops Education Void

CLOC Global Institute – Reflection (Delayed)

Legal Tech Must Shift Focus from Cutting Legal Costs to Controlling Them

CLOC Dispatch #3: Telling Stories at CGI

CLOC Dispatch #2: How Do Legal Ops Professionals Go Pro?

CLOC Las Vegas – Why Are We Here?

4 contract-tech executives break down their strategy for winning business in the booming market

Legal workloads, headcount and outside counsel will all grow, say Chief Legal Officers

Are CLM Providers Having an 'Identity Crisis' by Expanding Too Soon?


Law and Innovative Tech: Work Smarter, not Harder

The Tech Talent War Is Testing Law Firms


The Legally Vocal Podcast with Casey Flaherty, Season 3, Episode 3

Legal Tech or Enterprise Software? For Corporate Leaders, Sometimes It's Fuzzy


Legal Innovation in Silicon Valley: View from Wilson Sonsini

The Challenges of Selling Legal Tech – The Vendor View

Tomorrow’s lawyer


Avoiding Tech First Failures When Improving Legal Workflows & Processes with Casey Flaherty (Lex Fusion)

Law Firm Innovation: In 2022, Be A Better Salesperson

How Much of the Legal Services Pie Do ALSPs Have? No One Really Knows

LexFusion’s Legal Market Year in Review (280)


Innovation in AI is real and making an immediate impact – Guest Evan Shenkman

Tech-First Failures – Value Storytelling (#6)

GCs More Pessimistic About Risk-Preparedness Than in 2020

The Department of Slow & No – Value Storytelling (#5)

Value Storytelling (#4) – Start with Why

Start with Why – Value Storytelling (#4)

CLE is Broken (as is our approach to learning/innovation)

Value Storytelling – Summary


Future law: more changes coming to the legal profession with faster adoption rates

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Future Law – Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Stephen Poor (10.21)

Legal Tech Consultancies: Clout Chasing or Pathway to Sales? Startups Weigh Pros and Cons

Legal Technology: Why the Legal Tech Boom is Just Getting Started

Defining Business Value – Value Storytelling (#3)

LexFusion’s Joe Borstein On Legal Tech Consolidation

Can Legal Departments Get CLM Tech Right Before 'Everyone Gets Too Angry'?

The Invoice Review Market Is Relatively Untapped. But Is There Enough Room for Startups?

IN CRISIS? PROVIDE PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY!


IN CRISIS? PROVIDE PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY! By Birgit Kamps with Casey Flaherty

Consultants Want Clients to Ask About How They're Profiting From Tech Recommendations

The Savings Trap – Value Storytelling (#2)

Maybe, Don’t Be MacGyver – Value Storytelling (#1)


Explaining the joke: lawyers lagging behind

Aggressive' and 'Demeaning': Some In-House Departments Aren't Happy With Recent Tech Sales Pitches


LexFusion LLC, a Go-To-Market Collective of Leading Legal Innovation Companies, Officially Launched Operations Today


Future Law — Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Vanessa Davis (12.11)


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein – Guest John Scrudato (6.3.21)


Future Law – Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Nick West (11.13)


Future Law – Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Oz Benamram (11.20)


Future Law – Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Mike Bryant (11.6)


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein – Guest Kristen Sonday (6.24.21)


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein – Guest Jared Applegate (3.4.21)


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein – Guest Esther Bowers (4.15.21)


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein – Guest Elizabeth Miller (5.27.21)


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein – Christian Lang (5.20.21)


Future Law – Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. David Curran (12.4)

Different Expectations: Legal Departments ‘Do Not Care’ If ALSPs Stay Remote


Pioneers and Pathfinders: Joe Borstein

Advancing Our Thinking On Low-End Friction

LexFusion Adds Casetext To The Collective of Companies It Represents


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. John Scrudato


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein t. Lucy Bassli


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein Sheena Ferarri


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein t. Nicole Bradick


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Jae Um

North America: LexFusion Adds CoParse, Kira and Hotshot to collective

LexFusion Adds Three New Members to Expand Collection of Best-in-Class Offerings for Clients

Contract Analyser TermScout Joins Theorem Market Platform


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Esther Bowers

From Baker McKenzie to LexFusion: Why Casey Flaherty Is Betting on Legal Tech Curation


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Ed Sohn and Andrew Ballheimer

Perkins Coie Recognized as Leading Patent Litigation Defense Firm by Lex Machina


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Kristina Swanson, Loly Sosa, and Dara Tarkowski


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Elisabeth Bykoff and Danielle Haugland


Future Law Bootcamp with Joe Borstein ft. Jordan Furlong

Apple sues former employee over leaking trade secrets to reporter

Apple alleges ex-MacBook Pro designer leaked secret details to reporter

